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Meesmann corneal dystrophy
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Condition

Meesmann corneal dystrophy

Meesmann corneal dystrophy is an eye disease characterized by the formation of tiny, fragile cysts in the outermost layer of the cornea.

Overview

This condition affects the corneal epithelium, the clear front covering of the eye that acts as a barrier against foreign materials. Cysts can appear as early as the first year of life and increase in number over time. While often asymptomatic in childhood, the cysts may rupture in late adolescence or adulthood, causing significant eye irritation.

Symptoms

  • Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).
  • Twitching of the eyelids (blepharospasm).
  • Increased tear production.
  • Sensation of a foreign object in the eye.
  • Inability to tolerate contact lenses.
  • Temporary episodes of blurred vision.

Causes

Meesmann corneal dystrophy results from mutations in either the KRT12 or KRT3 gene. These genes provide instructions for making keratin 12 and keratin 3 proteins. These proteins interact to form the structural framework of the corneal epithelium. Mutations weaken this framework, causing the epithelium to become fragile and develop cysts containing clumps of abnormal keratin and cellular debris.

Inheritance

This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning one copy of an altered KRT12 or KRT3 gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person inherits the condition from an affected parent.

Other Names

  • Corneal dystrophy, juvenile epithelial of Meesmann
  • Corneal dystrophy, Meesmann epithelial
  • Juvenile hereditary epithelial dystrophy
  • MECD
  • Meesman's corneal dystrophy
  • Meesmann corneal epithelial dystrophy
  • Meesmann epithelial corneal dystrophy

Frequently Asked Questions

Contact lenses are generally discouraged because they increase friction and the risk of cyst rupture. If you need vision correction, glasses are the safest option. If contact lenses are essential, use the softest lenses possible, limit wear time, and follow a strict cleaning regimen, but still discuss the risks with your ophthalmologist.
Cyst rupture is usually triggered by mechanical trauma, dry eye, or friction from contact lenses. To reduce irritation, keep the eyes well‑moisturized with preservative‑free artificial tears, avoid rubbing your eyes, use protective eyewear during sports or windy conditions, and maintain strict eyelid hygiene.
While most people maintain good visual acuity, chronic irritation can lead to corneal scarring and reduced vision. Schedule a comprehensive eye exam at least once a year, including a slit‑lamp examination, and report any new photophobia, blurred vision, or foreign‑body sensation promptly.
Currently, treatment is mainly supportive: lubricating eye drops, anti‑inflammatory drops, and avoiding eye trauma. Some clinicians have experimented with oral retinoids or topical steroids to reduce cyst formation, but evidence is limited and these therapies carry side‑effects. Discuss potential options with an eye specialist before starting any medication.===
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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