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F10 gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

F10 gene

The F10 gene provides instructions for making coagulation factor X, a protein essential for the blood clotting process that stops bleeding after injury.

Normal Function

The F10 gene provides instructions for making a protein called coagulation factor X. This protein is part of the coagulation system, a series of chemical reactions that form blood clots to seal off damaged blood vessels and trigger repair. Produced primarily in the liver, factor X circulates in the bloodstream in an inactive form. Upon injury, it is activated and interacts with other coagulation factors to convert prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen into fibrin, the material that forms the structure of a blood clot.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Factor X deficiency

At least 130 mutations in the F10 gene have been identified as causes of factor X deficiency, a rare bleeding disorder. Symptoms often include:

  • Nosebleeds
  • Easy bruising
  • Bleeding under the skin
  • Bleeding of the gums
  • Blood in the urine (hematuria)
  • Prolonged or excessive bleeding following surgery or trauma

The disorder is categorized into two types: type I, where mutations reduce the amount of factor X in the bloodstream, and type II, where mutations result in the production of a protein with impaired function. Both types prevent blood from clotting normally.

Other Names for This Gene

  • autoprothrombin III
  • prothrombinase
  • Prower factor
  • Stuart factor
  • Stuart-Prower factor

Frequently Asked Questions

Diagnosis of factor X deficiency usually begins with a review of personal and family bleeding history. Blood tests are then performed, including a prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which are often prolonged. The definitive diagnosis is made by measuring the specific activity of factor X in the blood, known as a factor X assay.
For acute bleeding or before surgery, treatment involves infusions of factor X concentrate, if available, or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to replace the missing factor X. For milder cases or to prevent bleeding, antifibrinolytic medications like tranexamic acid may be used, especially for mucosal bleeding. Regular prophylactic infusions might be considered for severe cases.
Individuals with factor X deficiency should avoid medications that interfere with clotting, such as aspirin or NSAIDs. They should also take precautions to prevent injuries, such as avoiding contact sports. Good dental hygiene is crucial to prevent gum bleeding, and any medical or dental procedures should be planned in consultation with a hematologist.
Yes, factor X deficiency is an inherited condition, typically passed down in an autosomal recessive pattern. This means an individual must inherit an altered F10 gene from both parents to develop the disorder. Parents who are carriers (have one altered gene) usually do not show symptoms but can pass the gene to their children. Genetic counseling is recommended for affected individuals and their families to understand inheritance patterns and discuss family planning options.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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