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GRM6 gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

GRM6 gene

The GRM6 gene provides instructions for making the mGluR6 protein, which is essential for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain.

Normal Function

The GRM6 gene provides instructions for making a protein called metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6). This protein is a glutamate receptor that attaches (binds) to the signaling molecule glutamate on the surface of cells. The mGluR6 protein is found within the membrane of bipolar cells, which are part of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina).

Bipolar cells receive visual signals from cells called rods, which are used to see in low light. Rod cells release glutamate, which binds to mGluR6 on bipolar cells. This binding triggers the bipolar cells to transmit visual signals to other retinal cells and eventually to the brain.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness

At least 25 mutations in the GRM6 gene have been found to cause autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness. This condition is characterized by the inability to see in low light and other vision problems, such as nearsightedness (myopia).

Most GRM6 gene mutations impair the function of the mGluR6 protein by changing single amino acids. These mutations prevent the protein from reaching the cell membrane where it is needed to bind to glutamate. Without mGluR6 protein at the cell surface, the glutamate released from rod cells in low light is not detected by bipolar cells, and visual signals are not transmitted to the brain.

Other Names for This Gene

  • glutamate receptor, metabotropic 6
  • GPRC1F
  • GRM6_HUMAN
  • metabotropic glutamate receptor 6
  • mGlu6
  • MGLUR6

Frequently Asked Questions

Parents should look for difficulty seeing in low light, especially at dusk or in dimly lit rooms, and frequent complaints of poor vision in the dark. A child may also have trouble navigating stairs or playing sports at night. Early ophthalmologic evaluation with a dilated eye exam and electroretinography can help confirm the diagnosis. How is a GRM6 mutation confirmed, and what does the genetic test involve?::A DNA test from a blood or saliva sample is sent to a genetics laboratory. The test sequences the GRM6 gene to look for known pathogenic variants. Results are usually available within 2–4 weeks, and a genetic counselor can explain the findings and their implications for family planning. What treatment options exist for people with autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness due to GRM6 mutations?::There is no cure that restores normal night vision, but low‑light vision can be improved with adaptive lighting, high‑contrast clothing, and night‑time vision aids. Some patients benefit from wearing tinted lenses that reduce glare. Regular eye exams are essential to monitor for associated refractive errors such as myopia. Can lifestyle changes help manage the visual symptoms caused by GRM6 mutations?::Yes. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding sudden changes in lighting, and using well‑lit pathways at night can reduce visual strain. Vision therapy may help improve contrast sensitivity, and patients should discuss the use of assistive devices with their ophthalmologist.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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