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H19 gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

H19 gene

The H19 gene produces a noncoding RNA molecule that acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a critical role in early growth and development through genomic imprinting.

Normal Function

The H19 gene provides instructions for making a noncoding RNA molecule, which does not contain instructions for making a protein. This RNA is believed to act as a tumor suppressor, preventing cells from growing or dividing in an uncontrolled way. The gene is highly active in various tissues before birth.

The activity of the H19 gene is regulated by genomic imprinting, a process where gene expression depends on whether the gene is inherited from the egg or the sperm. Typically, only the copy inherited from the egg is active. This process is controlled by an imprinting control region, where the addition of methyl groups (methylation) typically occurs only on the copy derived from the sperm.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

This growth disorder can be caused by abnormalities in imprinting centers. In some cases, both copies of the H19 imprinting center are methylated, which decreases H19 activity and increases IGF2 gene activity. This imbalance leads to the overgrowth characteristic of the syndrome.

Silver-Russell syndrome

This disorder, characterized by slow growth, is often caused by hypomethylation (fewer methyl groups than normal) of the H19 imprinting center derived from the sperm. This leads to increased H19 activity and decreased IGF2 activity, resulting in slow growth.

Wilms tumor

In some cases of this rare kidney cancer, both copies of the H19 imprinting center are methylated. This leads to decreased H19 activity and increased IGF2 activity, which can cause uncontrolled cell growth. These changes are often somatic, meaning they are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in the kidneys.

Breast cancer

The H19 gene is also associated with breast cancer.

Other Names for This Gene

  • ASM
  • D11S813E
  • H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript (non-protein coding)
  • LINC00008
  • MIR675HG
  • NCRNA00008

Genomic Location

The H19 gene is found on chromosome 11.

Frequently Asked Questions

While genetics drive the core issue, balanced nutrition, adequate protein intake, and regular pediatric growth monitoring can support healthy development. In cases of overgrowth, limiting high‑calorie foods and monitoring for obesity may help; in undergrowth, ensuring sufficient caloric and micronutrient intake is key. Always consult a dietitian familiar with growth disorders.
Individuals with H19 imprinting defects, especially those with both copies methylated, have a higher lifetime risk of Wilms tumor, a kidney cancer that typically presents before age 5. Regular abdominal ultrasounds and monitoring for abdominal pain or hematuria are recommended until the risk period passes.
baby with an H19 imprinting defect may show abnormal growth patterns: rapid, excessive growth and organ enlargement (as seen in Beckwith‑Wiedemann syndrome) or, conversely, below‑average height, low birth weight, and growth failure (as seen in Silver‑Russell syndrome). Parents should monitor weight, length, and head circumference against standard growth charts and report any deviations to a pediatrician.
Yes. Methylation‑specific PCR or bisulfite sequencing of DNA from blood or tissue samples can detect abnormal methylation patterns at the H19 imprinting control region. The test is usually ordered by a genetics specialist and requires a small blood draw.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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