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HOXB13 gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

HOXB13 gene

The HOXB13 gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates gene activity and acts as a tumor suppressor, with specific mutations linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer.

Normal Function

The HOXB13 gene provides instructions for producing a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and regulates the activity of other genes. On the basis of this role, the protein produced from the HOXB13 gene is called a transcription factor. The HOXB13 protein is part of a large group of transcription factors called the homeobox protein family. The HOXB13 protein is thought to play a role in the development and maintenance of the skin. It also acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it keeps cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way.

The HOXB13 protein has a characteristic homeobox region called the homeodomain, which binds to DNA, and two other regions called MEIS interacting domains. The MEIS interacting domains are thought to help regulate the activity of the HOXB13 protein by controlling the binding of the homeodomain with DNA.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Prostate cancer

At least two mutations in the HOXB13 gene have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer; the disease may also be more aggressive in affected men with a HOXB13 mutation. These mutations are present in every cell of the body and can be passed from one generation to the next. As a result, they are associated with cancers that cluster in families. However, not everyone who inherits a mutation in the HOXB13 gene will ultimately develop prostate cancer. Other genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors also contribute to a person's cancer risk.

The HOXB13 gene mutations that are associated with prostate cancer alter the MEIS interacting domains of the HOXB13 protein. Researchers suggest that the changes may impair the ability of these domains to regulate the HOXB13 protein's interactions with DNA. As a result, the protein's tumor suppressor function is impaired, resulting in the uncontrolled cell proliferation that can lead to prostate cancer.

Other Names for This Gene

  • homeobox protein Hox-B13
  • HXB13_HUMAN
  • PSGD

Frequently Asked Questions

Testing is recommended for men with a strong family history of prostate cancer, especially if multiple relatives were diagnosed at a young age or with aggressive disease. A genetic counselor can arrange a targeted HOXB13 test, explain the results, and discuss surveillance strategies if a pathogenic variant is found.
Men with a pathogenic HOXB13 variant are usually advised to begin PSA testing and digital rectal exams earlier—often at age 40 or 10 years before the earliest family diagnosis. Screening may be performed annually or more frequently, and clinicians may consider additional imaging (e.g., MRI) if PSA rises.
No. While the mutation raises risk and can be associated with more aggressive tumors, many carriers never develop cancer. Risk is also influenced by other genes, lifestyle, and environmental factors, so regular monitoring and healthy habits remain important.
HOXB13 mutations are inherited in an autosomal‑dominant pattern, meaning each child has a 50 % chance of inheriting the variant. Testing of adult offspring is optional and best discussed with a genetic counselor; early knowledge can guide personalized screening for male relatives.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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