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IRF5 gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

IRF5 gene

The IRF5 gene produces a transcription factor that regulates the immune system's response to viral infections and inflammation.

Normal Function

The protein produced from the IRF5 gene, called interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), acts as a transcription factor, attaching to specific regions of DNA to control the activity of certain genes. When a virus is recognized in the cell, the IRF5 gene is activated, leading to the production of the IRF5 protein.

The protein binds to DNA regions that regulate genes producing interferons and other cytokines. These proteins help fight infection by promoting inflammation and regulating immune system cells. Interferons specifically control genes that block viral replication and stimulate natural killer cells.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Studies have associated normal variations in the IRF5 gene with an increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus, a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in connective tissues. While some evidence suggests certain variations are associated with increased gene activity and elevated cytokines, the exact role these effects play in the development of the condition is unknown. Researchers believe a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the disease.

Systemic scleroderma

Several normal variations in the IRF5 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing systemic scleroderma, an autoimmune disorder characterized by the buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the skin and internal organs. It is currently unknown how these gene variations contribute to the risk, though researchers believe both genetic and environmental factors are involved.

Ulcerative colitis

MedlinePlus Genetics provides information about Ulcerative colitis.

Other Names for This Gene

  • IRF-5
  • IRF5_HUMAN
  • SLEB10

Frequently Asked Questions

For systemic lupus erythematosus, early warning signs can include persistent fatigue, unexplained joint pain and swelling, skin rashes (especially a butterfly-shaped rash on the face), fever, hair loss, and sensitivity to sunlight. For systemic scleroderma, initial symptoms often involve skin thickening and tightness, particularly on the fingers and hands, Raynaud's phenomenon (fingers turning white or blue in cold), and joint stiffness. If you have an IRF5 risk variant and experience any of these, consult your doctor.
While there are no guaranteed preventative measures, adopting a healthy lifestyle can generally support immune health. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, managing stress, getting adequate sleep, and avoiding known environmental triggers like smoking or excessive sun exposure. For individuals with an IRF5 risk variant, discussing personalized preventative strategies with a healthcare provider is advisable, especially regarding sun protection and avoiding potential environmental triggers.
Environmental factors are thought to play a crucial role in triggering autoimmune diseases in genetically predisposed individuals, including those with IRF5 gene variations. While the exact mechanisms are still being researched, potential environmental triggers include viral infections, exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, smoking, and ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. These factors may interact with the IRF5 protein's role in immune regulation, potentially leading to an overactive immune response and the development of autoimmune conditions.
No, having a normal variation in the IRF5 gene that is associated with an increased risk does not mean you will definitely develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or systemic scleroderma. These conditions are complex and are believed to result from a combination of multiple genetic factors, environmental triggers, and other individual predispositions. The IRF5 variation is just one piece of the puzzle, contributing to a higher *risk*, not a certainty.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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