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IRGM gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

IRGM gene

The IRGM gene provides instructions for making a protein essential to the immune system's ability to destroy foreign invaders through a process called autophagy.

Normal Function

The IRGM gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays an important role in the immune system. This protein is involved in a process called autophagy, which cells use to surround and destroy foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. Specifically, the IRGM protein helps trigger autophagy in cells infected with certain kinds of bacteria, including the type of bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

In addition to protecting cells from infection, autophagy is used to recycle worn-out cell parts and break down certain proteins when they are no longer needed. This process also plays an important role in controlled cell death (apoptosis).

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Crohn's disease

Several variations in or near the IRGM gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease, primarily in people of northern European ancestry. IRGM variations change single DNA building blocks (nucleotides) in regions of DNA that may regulate when and how the IRGM protein is produced.

Researchers suspect that changes involving the IRGM protein may disrupt the autophagy process, preventing the immune system from destroying harmful bacteria effectively. An abnormal immune response to bacteria in the intestinal walls may lead to chronic inflammation and the digestive problems characteristic of Crohn's disease.

Other Names for This Gene

  • A1A4Y4_HUMAN
  • IFI1
  • immunity-related GTPase family, M
  • immunity-related GTPase family, M1
  • immunity-related GTPase M
  • IRGM1
  • LRG-47
  • LRG-47-like protein
  • LRG47
  • MGC149263
  • MGC149264

Genomic Location

The IRGM gene is found on chromosome 5.

Frequently Asked Questions

Variants near IRGM alter regulatory regions that reduce or mis‑time IRGM protein production, impairing autophagy‑mediated clearance of intracellular bacteria; this defective bacterial handling can trigger chronic intestinal inflammation characteristic of Crohn’s disease.
Testing is not routinely required for clinical management because IRGM status does not change standard treatment; however, genetic testing may be considered in research settings or when a family history suggests a strong hereditary component, and results can inform counseling about disease risk.
Yes, reduced IRGM function can weaken the autophagic response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, modestly increasing susceptibility; however, the effect is modest compared with other immune genes, and routine infection screening is not indicated solely based on IRGM status.
Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fiber, avoiding smoking, and using anti‑inflammatory medications (e.g., biologics) can help control gut inflammation; some studies suggest that agents enhancing autophagy, such as rapamycin analogues, are under investigation, but they are not yet approved for clinical use in IRGM‑related disease.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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