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KRT86 gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

KRT86 gene

The KRT86 gene encodes a keratin protein that serves as a fundamental building block for the strength and elasticity of the hair shaft.

Normal Function

The KRT86 gene provides instructions for making the type II hair keratin K86 protein (K86). As a member of the keratin family, this tough, fibrous protein forms the structural framework for hair, skin, and nails. K86 partners with other keratin proteins to form intermediate filaments, which create strong networks that protect tissues from everyday physical stresses. The K86 protein is located in the cortex of the hair shaft, where it is essential for maintaining hair strength and elasticity.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Monilethrix

Several mutations in the KRT86 gene can cause monilethrix, a condition where hair appears beaded and is prone to breaking due to brittleness. Characteristics of these mutations include:

  • Alterations to a single amino acid within the K86 protein.
  • Changes typically occur in regions critical for intermediate filament formation.
  • The cortex of the affected hair shaft appears abnormal, although the specific mechanism linking the mutation to the beaded hair structure is not fully understood.

Other Names for This Gene

  • hair keratin K2.11
  • hard keratin, type II, 6
  • HB6
  • hHb6
  • K86
  • keratin 86, type II
  • keratin K-86
  • keratin protein HB6
  • keratin-86
  • KRT86_HUMAN
  • KRTHB6
  • MNX
  • type II hair keratin Hb6

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. Once a pathogenic KRT86 variant is identified in an affected family member, targeted carrier testing can be offered to siblings, parents, or adult children. Testing is performed on a blood or saliva sample and can clarify recurrence risk for future offspring. Genetic counseling is recommended before and after testing to discuss implications.
Diagnosis is confirmed by molecular testing. A targeted next‑generation sequencing panel for hair‑keratin genes (including KRT86) is the first‑line test. If a familial mutation is already known, a single‑variant assay (e.g., Sanger sequencing) can be ordered. Results should be interpreted alongside clinical findings such as beaded hair shafts on microscopy.
KRT86‑related monilethrix is typically autosomal dominant, so each child of an affected individual has a 50 % chance of inheriting the mutant allele. Penetrance can be incomplete, meaning some carriers may show only subtle hair changes or appear unaffected.
Management focuses on minimizing mechanical stress: use soft brushes, avoid tight hairstyles, limit heat and harsh chemicals, and keep hair moisturized with conditioners or leave‑in oils. Some clinicians prescribe topical minoxidil or low‑dose oral finasteride, though evidence is limited. Supplementation with biotin, vitamin D, and iron may help if deficiencies are documented, but they do not correct the underlying keratin defect.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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