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MYOC gene
Reviewed by Medicinsk Expert•Last updated: 2026-10-22•Gene

MYOC gene

The MYOC gene provides instructions for producing the protein myocilin, which plays a role in regulating intraocular pressure within the eye.

Normal Function

The MYOC gene provides instructions for producing a protein called myocilin. Myocilin is found in certain structures of the eye, specifically the trabecular meshwork and the ciliary body, which regulate the pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure). While myocilin's exact function is not well understood, it may help control intraocular pressure through its action in the muscle tissue of the ciliary body.

Researchers believe that myocilin functions together with other proteins in the eye as part of the extracellular matrix, an intricate lattice that forms in the space between cells to provide structural support. Myocilin may interact with a number of other proteins that also function in the extracellular matrix.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Early-onset glaucoma

Approximately 10 percent to 33 percent of people with juvenile open-angle glaucoma have variants (also called mutations) in the MYOC gene. People with this condition experience increased pressure within the eye before the age of 40. MYOC gene variants have also been detected in some people with primary congenital glaucoma, and more than 100 MYOC gene variants have been identified.

Variants in the MYOC gene may alter the myocilin protein so that its interactions with other proteins are impeded. Defective myocilin that does not get incorporated into the extracellular matrix remains inside the cell. This defective protein may damage the cell, causing insufficient flow of fluid from the eye, resulting in increased intraocular pressure and the signs and symptoms of early-onset glaucoma.

Other disorders

A small percentage (3 to 5 percent) of individuals with late-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common adult form of glaucoma, have variants in the MYOC gene.

Other Names for This Gene

  • GLC1A
  • GPOA
  • JOAG
  • JOAG1
  • MYOC_HUMAN
  • myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response
  • TIGR
  • trabecular meshwork-induced glucocorticoid response protein

Frequently Asked Questions

Mutations can impair myocilin’s integration into the trabecular meshwork, leading to fluid buildup and elevated intra‑ocular pressure (IOP). Symptoms include sudden eye pain, halos around lights, blurred vision, or a sudden drop in vision. If any of these occur, seek ophthalmologic evaluation within 24 hours to prevent optic nerve damage.
Baseline comprehensive eye exams, including IOP measurement and optic nerve imaging, should be performed at diagnosis. Subsequent screenings are advised every 1–2 years, or sooner if symptoms develop. Genetic testing for MYOC variants can be offered to relatives who wish to know their risk.
Topical IOP‑lowering drops (prostaglandin analogs, beta‑blockers, or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) are first‑line therapy. Maintaining a healthy weight, limiting caffeine, and avoiding steroid eye drops can reduce IOP spikes. Regular exercise and a diet low in saturated fats may also support ocular health.
With early detection and aggressive medical therapy, many patients preserve useful vision for decades. If medications fail to control IOP, surgical options such as trabeculectomy, tube shunt implantation, or minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) can be considered. Outcomes vary, but many patients achieve stable IOP and reduced progression of optic nerve damage.
Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus brings together authoritative health information from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies and health-related organizations.

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